DIFFERENCE IN EFFECTIVENESS ON POPULATION & ECONOMY
![Picture](/uploads/5/0/5/2/50529557/6660208.png?484)
HOW HAS THE POPULATION POLICIES AFFECTED THE POPULATION?
China
The one-child policy was introduced in 1978 to deter births and the goal was to reduce the annual birth rate to 1%. The Chinese government took stringent and excessively harsh measures to achieve their goal of reducing the annual birth rate to 1%. There was widespread resistance in rural areas against the strict measures, causing the measures to be ineffective, resulting in the population passing the 1 billion mark into August 1988. Therefore, the government decided to increase its enforcement of the one-child policy. (Todaro. 2011. Page 329) Although the one-child policy remains one of the most restrictive policies in the world, it has proven effective in reducing the population growth rate. By the mid 1990s, the fertility rate fell to 1.9 births per woman from 2.7 in 1980 and further dropped to 1.6 in 2009. (world bank. 2013) It is estimated that 250 million fewer people were born in China after the one-child policy is implemented. The population pyramid is in a triangular shape in 1980 but the base of the pyramid is becoming narrower, and the population pyramid is predicted to be a beehive shape by 2030, showing that there is lower birth rates and longer life expectancy (Adele Hayutin. 2008)
China
The one-child policy was introduced in 1978 to deter births and the goal was to reduce the annual birth rate to 1%. The Chinese government took stringent and excessively harsh measures to achieve their goal of reducing the annual birth rate to 1%. There was widespread resistance in rural areas against the strict measures, causing the measures to be ineffective, resulting in the population passing the 1 billion mark into August 1988. Therefore, the government decided to increase its enforcement of the one-child policy. (Todaro. 2011. Page 329) Although the one-child policy remains one of the most restrictive policies in the world, it has proven effective in reducing the population growth rate. By the mid 1990s, the fertility rate fell to 1.9 births per woman from 2.7 in 1980 and further dropped to 1.6 in 2009. (world bank. 2013) It is estimated that 250 million fewer people were born in China after the one-child policy is implemented. The population pyramid is in a triangular shape in 1980 but the base of the pyramid is becoming narrower, and the population pyramid is predicted to be a beehive shape by 2030, showing that there is lower birth rates and longer life expectancy (Adele Hayutin. 2008)
![Picture](/uploads/5/0/5/2/50529557/4654147.png?481)
India
India is the first country to introduce a national family-planning programme in 1949. It is less effective compared to China due to various reasons. There was a change in government causing the plans to be inconsistent, and thus, the population control policies were not as effective. Also, the measures taken by the Indian Government are not as stringent as the ones in China. About 2.65 million births were averted in 1971 and 18 million births were averted in 2010. The population pyramid of India in 1980 was also a triangular shape, indicating that there was high birth rate, and it is predicted that by 2030, the population pyramid would be a beehive shape, showing lower birth rate and longer life expectancy. (Martin De Wulf. 2012)
India is the first country to introduce a national family-planning programme in 1949. It is less effective compared to China due to various reasons. There was a change in government causing the plans to be inconsistent, and thus, the population control policies were not as effective. Also, the measures taken by the Indian Government are not as stringent as the ones in China. About 2.65 million births were averted in 1971 and 18 million births were averted in 2010. The population pyramid of India in 1980 was also a triangular shape, indicating that there was high birth rate, and it is predicted that by 2030, the population pyramid would be a beehive shape, showing lower birth rate and longer life expectancy. (Martin De Wulf. 2012)
![Picture](/uploads/5/0/5/2/50529557/1844963.png?564)
HOW HAS THE POPULATION POLICIES AFFECTED THE ECONOMY?
China
The growth pattern of two variables - total population and gross domestic product (GDP) has both increased over the years. Although there is a generally increasing trend for both variables, the gross domestic product grew at a faster rate each year, causing the graph to be a concave curve, while the population increased at a slower rate each year, causing the graph to be a convex curve. This shows that the one-child policy is effective in reducing population growth rates, which in turn leads to economic benefits as seen from the faster rates at which the gross domestic product is increasing. During the pre- one child policy period, between years 1962 to 1979, the general population growth rate was 2.07% but it was reduced to 1.04% during the post- one child policy period. The general growth rate of China’s gross domestic product increased from 7.14% during the pre- one child policy period to 9.93% during the post- one child policy period. (Qilei Fang, Chee Kian Leong. 2014. page 9 to 12) China’s GDP per capita has increased from 193.0 in 1980 to 6.807.4 in 2013, showing significant economic progress ever since the one-child policy has been implemented.
China
The growth pattern of two variables - total population and gross domestic product (GDP) has both increased over the years. Although there is a generally increasing trend for both variables, the gross domestic product grew at a faster rate each year, causing the graph to be a concave curve, while the population increased at a slower rate each year, causing the graph to be a convex curve. This shows that the one-child policy is effective in reducing population growth rates, which in turn leads to economic benefits as seen from the faster rates at which the gross domestic product is increasing. During the pre- one child policy period, between years 1962 to 1979, the general population growth rate was 2.07% but it was reduced to 1.04% during the post- one child policy period. The general growth rate of China’s gross domestic product increased from 7.14% during the pre- one child policy period to 9.93% during the post- one child policy period. (Qilei Fang, Chee Kian Leong. 2014. page 9 to 12) China’s GDP per capita has increased from 193.0 in 1980 to 6.807.4 in 2013, showing significant economic progress ever since the one-child policy has been implemented.
|
India
The growth pattern of two variable - total population and gross domestic product (GDP) of India has both increased over the years as well, similar to China. However, the population growth rate for China has decreased much more as compared to India. Based on a graph, the line graph plotted for China’s population growth forms an obvious convex shape while the line graph plotted for India seems to form a very slight convex shape, showing that the rate of population growth for India only slowed down a little over the years, unlike China, suggesting that the population policies were not as effective. (The Weakonomist. 2012) Also, the graph that shows gross domestic product (GDP) in India is not as steep at the one of China, showing that the rate of economic growth of India is slower as compared to China, proving that due to the population policies of India being less effective, the population growth rate was slower as well. (Mandilwar. 2015) Back in the 1980s, India actually had a higher gross domestic product per capita than China. However, China’s gross domestic product per capita is nearly 5 times of India’s in 2013. Although the gross domestic product per capita of both countries has |
increased, that of China increased at a much faster rate as compared to India. In 1980, the gross domestic product per capita for india was US$271.2 and that of China was US$193.0. However, slightly more than 50 years later, China’s gross domestic product per capita has increased drastically and has reached US$6807.4 in 2013 while India’s gross domestic product per capita has increased slightly to US$1497.5. (worldbank. 2013)